{"id":13652,"date":"2024-11-09T09:19:17","date_gmt":"2024-11-09T09:19:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hilol-med.uz\/?p=13652"},"modified":"2026-02-06T14:45:24","modified_gmt":"2026-02-06T14:45:24","slug":"qabziyat-ich-qotishi-sabablari-patogenez-davolash-usullari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hilol-med.uz\/uz\/qabziyat-ich-qotishi-sabablari-patogenez-davolash-usullari\/","title":{"rendered":"Qabziyat – ich qotishi: sabablari, patogenez, davolash usullari"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Qabziyat (ich qotishi) turli sabablarga ko\u2018ra yuzaga kelishi mumkin bular:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Noto\u2018g\u2018ri ovqatlanish<\/strong> \u2022 Klechatka (sellilyuoza) yetarlicha boy bo\u2018lmagan ovqatlar:<\/em> Sabzavotlar, mevalar, butun don mahsulotlari kabi tolali ovqatlar ichak harakatini yaxshilaydi. Agar ovqatlanish tarkibida tola kam bo\u2018lsa, qabziyat yuzaga kelishi ehtimoli ortadi.
    \u2022 Kam suyuqlik ichish: <\/em>Suv tanqisligi ichaklar harakatini qiyinlashtiradi va ich qotishiga olib keladi.
    \u2022 Yog\u2018lar yetishmasligi: <\/em>Yog\u2018lar ichak harakatini osonlashtiradi. Yog\u2018siz ovqatlanish qabziyatga sabab bo\u2018lishi mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Harakatsizlik va kamharakatlik<\/strong> \u2022 Jismoniy faollik yetishmasligi:<\/em> Harakatsiz turmush tarzi (masalan, uzoq vaqt o\u2018tirib ishlash) ichak mushaklarini sekinlashtiradi va bu ich qotishiga olib keladi.
    \u2022 To\u2018shakda uzoq yotish:<\/em> Masalan, kasallik yoki operatsiyadan so\u2018ng ko\u2018p yotish ham qabziyatga sabab bo\u2018lishi mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Stress va psixologik omillar<\/strong> \u2022 Stress va xavotir:<\/em> Ruhiy zo\u2018riqish va stress ichak harakatiga ta\u2019sir qiladi. Xavotirli holatlar yoki depressiya ichaklar harakatini sekinlashtirishi mumkin, bu esa qabziyatga sabab bo’ladi.
    \u2022 Yashash tarzidagi o\u2018zgarishlar: <\/em>Masalan, sayohat yoki ish vaqtidagi o\u2018zgarishlar ichaklarga ta\u2019sir qilishi va qabziyatni keltirib chiqarishi mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Dori vositalari<\/strong> \u2022 Ba\u2019zi dorilar: <\/em>Antatsidlar (kislotalikni tushuruvchi dorilar), diuretiklar (siydik xaydovchi vositalar), antidepressantlar, temir qo\u2018shimchalari va og\u2018riq qoldiruvchi dorilar ich qotishiga olib kelishi mumkin.
    \u2022 Ko\u2018p miqdorda surgi vositalardan foydalanish:<\/em> Surgi vositalarni uzoq vaqt foydalanish ichaklarning tabiiy harakatini pasaytirib yuborishi va qabziyatga olib kelishi mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Tibbiy holatlari va kasalliklar<\/strong> \u2022 Tasirlangan ichak sindromi (TIS)<\/em>: Bu ichakning noto\u2018g\u2018ri ishlashi bilan bog\u2018liq bo\u2018lib, qabziyatni keltirib chiqarishi mumkin.
    \u2022 Gormonal o\u2018zgarishlar<\/em>: Masalan, gipotiroidizm (qalqonsimon bez faoliyatining sustligi) ich qotishini kuchaytirishi mumkin.
    \u2022 Diabet<\/em>: Qandli diabet ichaklarga ta\u2019sir qiluvchi asoratlar sababli ich qotishini keltirib chiqarishi mumkin.
    \u2022 Nevrologik kasalliklar:<\/em> Parkinson kasalligi, skleroz va miyada shikastlanish kabi kasalliklar ichak harakatini sekinlashtirishi mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Yosh va gormonal omillar<\/strong> \u2022 Keksa yosh:<\/em> Yosh kattalashgani sari ichak mushaklarining kuchi pasayadi, bu esa qabziyat ehtimolini oshiradi.
    \u2022 Gormonal o\u2018zgarishlar:<\/em> Homiladorlikda yoki hayz davrida gormonlar darajasi o\u2018zgarishi ichaklarga ta\u2019sir qilib, ich qotishiga olib kelishi mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Dietani o\u2018zgartirish yoki tez-tez parhez qilish<\/strong> \u2022 Dietani keskin o\u2018zgartirish:<\/em> Tez-tez parhezni o\u2018zgartirish yoki ko\u2018p parhez qilish ham ichaklar faoliyatiga ta\u2019sir qiladi. Parhezlarda klechatka tolasi yoki suyuqlik yetishmasligi qabziyatga sabab bo\u2018lishi mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Jarrohlik amaliyotlari<\/strong> \u2022 Operatsiyadan keyingi holat:<\/em> Operatsiyadan keyin, ayniqsa, qorin bo\u2018shlig\u2018iga oid jarrohlikdan so\u2018ng, ichak faoliyati vaqtinchalik buzilishi mumkin.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Qabziyatning oldini olish uchun to\u2018g\u2018ri ovqatlanish, muntazam suv ichish, jismoniy faollik va stressni boshqarish muhim ahamiyatga ega. Agar qabziyat uzoq davom etsa yoki jiddiyroq bo\u2018lsa, shifokorga murojaat qilish lozim<\/em><\/strong>. QABULGA YOZILISH<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Qabziyatning klassifikatsiyasi – turlari<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Qabziyatning turli klassifikatsiyalari mavjud, va ularni asosan kelib chiqishi, davomiyligi va turli sabablariga ko\u2018ra guruhlash mumkin. Quyida qabziyatning asosiy klassifikatsiyalari berilgan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Etiologiyaga ko\u2018ra (kelib chiqish sababiga ko\u2018ra) <\/strong>\u2022 Birlamchi (idiopatik) qabziyat:<\/em> Bu holda qabziyatning aniq sababi yo\u2018q. Idiopatik qabziyat, odatda, funksional yoki murakkab bo\u2018lib, ichakning harakatlanishi yoki nerv tizimi bilan bog\u2018liq bo\u2018lishi mumkin.
      \u2022 Ikkilamchi qabziyat:<\/em> Bu tur qabziyat boshqa kasalliklar yoki holatlar natijasida kelib chiqadi. Masalan:
      \u2022 Nevrologik kasalliklar (masalan, Parkinson kasalligi, diabetik neyropatiya)
      \u2022 Endokrin va metabolik kasalliklar (masalan, gipotiroidizm, diabet)
      \u2022 Gastroenterologik kasalliklar (masalan, ichak yarasi, o’sma reflyuksi)
      \u2022 Ayrim dorilar ta\u2019sirida (antidepressantlar, antigistaminlar, diuretiklar)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Davomiyligiga ko\u2018ra<\/strong> \u2022 O\u2018tkir qabziyat:<\/em> Qabziyat yaqinda paydo bo\u2018lib, qisqa muddat davom etadi (odatda bir necha kun yoki hafta). Bu holda odatda sababli omillar (masalan, ovqatlanishni o\u2018zgartirish, kam harakat qilish) tez ta\u2019sir ko\u2018rsatadi.
      \u2022 Surunkali qabziyat: <\/em>Bu qabziyat uzoq muddat davom etadi (bir necha oy yoki yillar). Surunkali qabziyat ko\u2018pincha noto’g’ri ovqatlanish, uzoq muddat kam harakat qilish yoki asab muammolari bilan bog\u2018liq bo\u2018lishi mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Funksional xususiyatiga ko\u2018ra<\/strong> \u2022 Normal tranzit qabziyat:<\/em> Bu turda ichaklar normal harakatda, lekin axlat chiqarish jarayoni qiyinlashgan bo\u2018ladi. Ko\u2018pincha psixologik yoki dietik omillar bilan bog\u2018liq.
      \u2022 Sekin tranzit qabziyat:<\/em> Ichakdagi ovqat harakati sekin bo\u2018ladi, bu dieta yoki ichakning asab tizimi bilan bog\u2018liq bo\u2018lishi mumkin.
      \u2022 To\u2018silish qabziyati:<\/em> Ichakda to\u2018silish yoki mexanik muammolar sababli ovqat harakati buziladi. Bu turdagi qabziyat yara, o\u2018sma yoki tuzilmalarning shikastlanishi sabab bo\u2018lishi mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Mexanizmiga ko\u2018ra<\/strong> \u2022 Atoniya yoki gipomotor qabziyat<\/em>: Bu holatda ichak mushaklari to\u2018g\u2018ri qisqarmaydi va ovqat harakatini ta\u2019minlamaydi. Ko\u2018pincha keksa yoshdagi odamlarda kuzatiladi.
      \u2022 Spastik qabziyat:<\/em> Ichak mushaklari zo\u2018riqishi natijasida ichaklarda mushaklar to\u2018g\u2018ri qisqarmaydi, bu esa axlat chiqarishni qiyinlashtiradi. Ko\u2018pincha stress va asabiy omillar bilan bog\u2018liq.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. Tashxisiy kategoriyalar bo\u2018yicha<\/strong> \u2022 Funksional qabziyat:<\/em> Bu turdagi qabziyatda organik yoki mexanizmning jiddiy buzilishlari aniqlanmaydi. Oddiy ovqatlanish va harakat orqali yengillashtirish mumkin.
      \u2022 Organik qabziyat:<\/em> Ichakdagi struktura yoki funksional tizimlardagi o\u2018zgarishlar sababli paydo bo\u2018ladi (masalan, o\u2018sma, yaralar yoki to\u2018silishlar sababli).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    6. Rim IV standartlariga ko\u2018ra (xronik funksional qabziyat diagnostikasi) \u2022 IV Rim standartlari me\u2019yorlari funksional qabziyatni belgilashda qo\u2018llaniladi va uni tashxis qilish uchun quyidagi holatlar e\u2019tiborga olinadi:
      \u2022 Ikki haftada kamida bir marta axlat chiqarishda qiyinchiliklar bo\u2018lishi.
      \u2022 Musat yoki tola (klechatka) qo\u2018shimchasiz 3 hafta davomida qiyinchilik bilan chiqarish.
      \u2022 Har oyda kamida 3 kun davomida yuqoridagi belgilar kuzatilishi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      Qabziyat turli sabablarga ko\u2018ra paydo bo\u2018lishi mumkin va uni davolash uchun avvalo uning turini aniqlash zarur. Agar qabziyat uzoq muddat davom etsa yoki kundalik hayotga jiddiy ta\u2019sir ko\u2018rsatsa, shifokorga murojaat qilish lozim.<\/em> QABULGA YOZILISH<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Tekshiruv usullari:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. Bemor bilan suhbat va tibbiy tarixni yig\u2018ish<\/strong> \u2022 Shifokor bemordan qabziyat qancha vaqtdan beri davom etayotgani, ovqatlanish odatlari, harakat faolligi, ishlatilayotgan dorilar, stress va boshqa sog\u2018liq holatlari haqida ma\u2019lumot oladi va xulosa chiqaradi.
        \u2022 Bu bosqichda oilaviy tibbiy tarix ham muhim, chunki ayrim ichak kasalliklari irsiy bo\u2018lishi mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. Tana ko\u2018rigi<\/strong> \u2022 Tibbiy ko\u2018rikda shifokor bemorning qorni va ichak sohasini qo\u2018lda (yuza va chuqur palpatsiya) ko\u2018rib, qattiqlik, shish yoki boshqa alomatlarni aniqlaydi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. Qon tahlillari<\/strong> \u2022 Umumiy qon tahlili:<\/em> Qon tahlillari umumiy salomatlikni baholash va ichak yoki boshqa tizimlarda yallig\u2018lanish yoki infektsiya mavjudligini aniqlash uchun o\u2018tkaziladi.
        \u2022 Gormonlar darajasi:<\/em> Qalqonsimon bez faoliyati bilan bog\u2018liq muammolarni tekshirish uchun (masalan, gipotiroidizm) qalqonsimon bez gormonlarini tekshirish mumkin.
        \u2022 Biokimyoviy tahlillar:<\/em> Elektrolitlar (kalsiy, kaliy va boshqalar) darajasini tekshirish, chunki ayrim elektrolitlar yetishmovchiligi ichak faoliyatini buzishi mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. Najas tahlili<\/strong> \u2022 Bu tahlil orqali najasdagi qon, parazitlar yoki infektsiyalarni aniqlash mumkin. Qon izlari oshqozon-ichak tizimidagi jiddiy muammolar belgisi bo\u2018lishi mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      5. Kolonoskopiya<\/strong> \u2022 Kolonoskopiya ichakning ichki qavatini ko\u2018rishga yordam beradi. U orqali ichak devoridagi yallig\u2018lanish, yara, polip yoki o\u2018sma kabi patologik holatlar aniqlanadi.
        \u2022 Kolonoskopiya odatda 50 yoshdan katta bemorlar yoki surunkali qabziyatda tavsiya etiladi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      6. Sigmoskopiya yoki rektoskopiya<\/strong> \u2022 Bu protseduralar kolonoskopiyaga o\u2018xshash, lekin faqatgina to\u2018g\u2018ri ichak va sigmasimon ichakning pastki qismini ko\u2018rish uchun qo\u2018llaniladi. Kamroq invaziv usul hisoblanadi va ayrim hollarda kolonoskopiya o\u2018rnini bosadi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      7. Irrigoskopiya (bariyli rentgen)<\/strong> \u2022 Bariyli modda ichak ichiga yuborilib, rentgen orqali ichakning shakli va funksiyasi ko\u2018riladi. Ichak devorlari va to\u2018siqlar, masalan, yallig\u2018lanish yoki o\u2018sma kabi muammolar aniqlanadi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      8. Ichak harakatlarini o\u2018rganish uchun testlar<\/strong> \u2022 Ayrim hollarda shifokor ichaklarning harakat faolligini o\u2018lchash uchun maxsus testlar o\u2018tkazishi mumkin. Masalan, anorektal manometriya orqali ichakdagi mushaklarning qisqarish kuchi va harakatlari baholanadi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      9. Qorin sohasining ultratovush tekshiruvi (Ultratovush) <\/strong>\u2022 Ultratovush orqali ichki organlarni, ayniqsa, jigar, oshqozon osti bezi va ichaklarning holatini ko\u2018rish mumkin. Ushbu organlardagi patologiyalar ham qabziyatga sabab bo\u2018lishi mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      10. Kattalashgan ichakning hisobga olinishi uchun KT yoki MRT <\/strong>\u2022 Kompyuter tomografiyasi (KT) yoki magnit-rezonans tomografiya (MRT) ichak va boshqa qorin bo\u2018shlig\u2018idagi organlarni to\u2018liq baholash uchun ishlatiladi. Bu usullar ichakdagi patologiyalarni aniqroq ko\u2018rishga yordam beradi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      11. Psixologik baholash<\/strong> \u2022 Agar qabziyat stress yoki xavotir bilan bog\u2018liq bo\u2018lsa, psixologik baholash ham o\u2018tkazilishi mumkin. Ruhiy holatlar ichak mushaklariga ta\u2019sir qilishi va ich qotishiga sabab bo\u2018lishi mumkin.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        Bu tekshiruvlar ichida bemorning alomatlari va shifokor maslahatiga qarab, faqat ayrimlari yoki bir nechtasi o\u2018tkaziladi. Qabziyat uzoq davom etsa yoki kuchli alomatlar kuzatilsa, aniq tashxis qo\u2018yish va davolash uchun shifokorga murojaat qilish juda muhim. QABULGA YOZILISH<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Quyida qabziyatni davolash va uni yengillashtirish uchun asosiy tavsiyalar:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        1. Ovqatlanishni yaxshilash<\/strong>
          \u2022 Tolaga (klechatka) boy mahsulotlar iste\u2019mol qilish:<\/em> Sabzavotlar, mevalar, dukkaklilar, butun don mahsulotlari kabi tolali mahsulotlar ichak harakatini yaxshilaydi va axlat chiqarishni osonlashtiradi.
          \u2022 Kletchatka qo\u2018shimchalarini qo\u2018shish:<\/em> Agar tabiiy mahsulotlardan yetarli klechatka olmasangiz, maxsus qo\u2018shimchalar (psillium yoki metilsellyuloza kabi) qabul qilish mumkin.
          \u2022 Yog\u2018lar qo\u2018shish:<\/em> Yog\u2018lar ichakda oshqozonning qotib qolishini kamaytiradi, shuning uchun salatlarga zaytun yog\u2018i, yong\u2018oqlar yoki avokado qo\u2018shish yaxshi ta\u2019sir qiladi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. Suv iste\u2019molini oshirish
          <\/strong>\u2022 Yetarli darajada suv ichish ichaklar harakatini yaxshilaydi va siydik chiqarishni yengillashtiradi. Katta kishilar uchun kundalik suv miqdori taxminan 1.5-2 litrni tashkil qiladi.
          \u2022 Qabziyat paytida meva sharbatlari (ayniqsa, olma va qovoq sharbati) ham foyda keltirishi mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. Fizik faollikni oshirish<\/strong>
          \u2022 Har kuni muntazam jismoniy mashqlar qilish yoki 30-40 daqiqalik piyoda yurish ichaklarning to\u2018g\u2018ri harakatini ta\u2019minlaydi. Fizik faollik harakatlanishni rag\u2018batlantiradi va axlat chiqarishni osonlashtiradi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        4. Ichni yumshatuvchi preparatlardan foydalanish
          <\/strong>\u2022 Sellilyuzaga asoslangan yumshatuvchilar (masalan, psillium):<\/em> Ular ichaklarda hajm hosil qilib, tabiiy ravishda yumshatishga yordam beradi.
          \u2022 Osmotik yumshatuvchilar (masalan, polietilenglikol yoki magniy gidroksidi)<\/em>: Ular ichaklarga suv tortib, yumshatuvchi ta\u2019sir ko\u2018rsatadi.
          \u2022 Yumshoq yumshatuvchilar:<\/em> Glitserin shamchalari yoki mineral yog\u2018lar hozirga o\u2018rada ishlatilishi mumkin, biroq muntazam ravishda ishlatilmasligi lozim.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        5. Stressni boshqarish
          <\/em>\u2022 Stress ichak faoliyatiga ta\u2019sir qiladi, shuning uchun stressni kamaytirishga harakat qilish, nafas olish mashqlari va yoga bilan shug\u2018ullanish foydali bo\u2018lishi mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        6. Tabiiy vositalar<\/em>
          \u2022 Quruq o\u2018rik va qora o\u2018rik:<\/em> Bu mevada tabiiy tola va sorbitol moddasi mavjud bo\u2018lib, ular yumshatuvchi ta\u2019sir ko\u2018rsatadi. Quruq o\u2018rikni tunga suvga solib, ertalab iste\u2019mol qilish yaxshi natija beradi.
          \u2022 Cho\u2018l qo\u2018ziqorini (aloe vera):<\/em> Aloe suvi va gelidan tayyorlangan ichimliklar ham yumshatuvchi ta\u2019sir ko\u2018rsatishi mumkin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        7. Shifokorga murojaat qilish<\/strong><\/em>
          \u2022 Agar qabziyat muntazam yoki uzoq davom etsa, bu salomatlik muammolari bilan bog\u2018liq bo\u2018lishi mumkin. Bu holda gastroenterolog yoki terapevtga murojaat qilish lozim. Shifokor zarur tekshiruvlarni o\u2018tkazadi va individual davolash dasturini belgilaydi.           QABULGA YOZILISH<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          Qabziyatning oldini olish uchun yuqoridagi tavsiyalarga amal qilish lozim. Shuningdek, nordon va tuzli mahsulotlar iste\u2019molini kamaytirish, ko\u2018proq sabzavot va tolali mahsulotlardan foydalanish ham ichaklar faoliyatini yaxshilashga yordam beradi.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Qabziyat (ich qotishi) turli sabablarga ko\u2018ra yuzaga kelishi mumkin bular: Qabziyatning oldini olish uchun to\u2018g\u2018ri ovqatlanish, muntazam suv ichish, jismoniy faollik va stressni boshqarish muhim ahamiyatga ega. Agar qabziyat uzoq davom etsa yoki jiddiyroq bo\u2018lsa, shifokorga murojaat qilish lozim. QABULGA YOZILISH Qabziyatning klassifikatsiyasi – turlari: Qabziyatning turli klassifikatsiyalari mavjud, va ularni asosan kelib chiqishi, davomiyligi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":13653,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_jet_sm_ready_style":"","_jet_sm_style":"","_jet_sm_controls_values":"","_jet_sm_fonts_collection":"","_jet_sm_fonts_links":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[183],"tags":[135,198,211,131,174,209,210,212,132,208,152],"class_list":["post-13652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-terapiya","tag-davolash","tag-hilol-med","tag-ich-qotishi","tag-klinika","tag-klinika-tashkent","tag-madaliyev-akbar","tag-qabziyat","tag-tekshirish","tag-terapevt","tag-usarov-muzaffar","tag-152","has-thumb"],"yoast_head":"\nQabziyat - ich qotishi: sabablari, patogenez, davolash usullari % - Hilol Med<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qabziyat (ich qotishi) sabablari, patogenez, alomatlar va samarali davolash usullari haqida to\u2018liq tushunarli ma\u2019lumot.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hilol-med.uz\/uz\/qabziyat-ich-qotishi-sabablari-patogenez-davolash-usullari\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"uz_UZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Qabziyat - 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